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The cylinder liner is a cylindrical part that is placed in the cylinder block hole of the body and is secured by the cylinder head. The piston reciprocates in its inner hole and is cooled by cooling water outside.
High quality cylinder liners have several characteristics that make them useful in the engine. These liners are typically made of durable materials such as cast iron or steel, and they can withstand the extreme temperatures and pressures inside the engine. Here are six key features of a high-quality cylinder liner:
1. Durability: High-quality cylinder liners are made of materials that can withstand the high temperatures and pressures inside the engine. They are designed to last for years without needing to be replaced.
2. Accuracy: The cylinder liner must be precisely machined to ensure a close fit with the engine block. Precise fit is important to prevent leaks and ensure efficient engine operation.
3. Corrosion resistance: The cylinder liner is exposed to a variety of corrosive substances, including oil, coolant and combustion byproducts. The high quality liner design resists corrosion and prevents damage to the engine.
4. Heat dissipation: the cylinder liner must be able to dissipate heat quickly to prevent overheating and damage to the engine. The high quality liner design effectively transfers heat away from the combustion chamber.
5. Lubrication: Cylinder liner must be lubricated to prevent excessive engine wear and damage. High quality gaskets are designed to provide optimal lubrication for piston rings and other engine components.
There are several measures to reduce cylinder liner wear:
1. Start and start correctly
2. Correct selection of lubricating oil
3. Strengthen the maintenance of the filter
4. Keep the engine at normal operating temperature
5. Improve warranty quality
On January 2nd, international crude oil prices surged past the $100 per barrel threshold, hitting a new historical high. This milestone carries significant symbolic weight, as it signals a shift in global energy dynamics and has far-reaching implications for various industries. The rising oil price directly impacts consumers and producers alike, leading to increased costs across the board—from transportation to manufacturing and daily living expenses.
In this context, concentrated nitric acid—a key chemical used in numerous industrial applications—has seen its market trajectory become increasingly complex. In 2008, with the global economy still recovering from the financial crisis, the question of how the concentrated nitric acid market would evolve was of great interest. According to recent reports, at least five major factors have contributed to the recent price increases in domestic concentrated nitric acid.
Firstly, the cost of raw materials, particularly coal, has risen sharply. As many concentrated nitric acid producers rely heavily on coal, the increase in coal prices has significantly raised production costs. By the end of last year, coal prices had surged again, putting immense pressure on manufacturers.
Secondly, the synthetic ammonia market has experienced dramatic fluctuations. With supply and demand imbalances becoming more pronounced, ammonia prices have climbed rapidly. In mid-December, despite a decline in urea and methanol prices, ammonia prices continued to rise, reaching a five-day gain of 100 yuan. This surge in input costs has further strained the production of concentrated nitric acid.
Additionally, platinum-rhodium, a critical component in the production process, has also seen a sharp increase in price. Currently priced at around 490 yuan per gram, the cost has risen by over 30 yuan compared to the beginning of the year and more than 100 yuan since 2006.
On the demand side, downstream products such as o-nitrochlorobenzene, MDI, TDI, vanillin, and adipic acid have all experienced significant price hikes. For example, o-nitrochlorobenzene rose by 2,600 yuan between September and December, while MDI prices increased by 35% from the start of the year. TDI, which had previously been priced at 25,000 yuan, now stands at 55,000 yuan, nearly doubling in value. These trends reflect strong demand and limited supply, especially for TDI, where domestic production capacity is only about 200,000 tons, while demand exceeds 400,000 tons, largely met through imports.
Logistics costs have also played a role in the price increases. In the fourth quarter of 2007, multiple government measures were introduced to raise fuel, natural gas, and rail freight prices, significantly increasing transportation costs for companies. This has affected not only the movement of concentrated nitric acid but also the transport of essential raw materials like coal and timber.
Moreover, railway operations during the winter season were prioritized for coal and passenger transport, reducing the availability of wagons for other goods. This shortage exacerbated regional shortages of concentrated nitric acid. Additionally, stricter enforcement of weight regulations in several northern provinces further disrupted transportation efficiency and added to costs.
Production volumes have also dropped due to low inventory and resource constraints. In November, national production of concentrated nitric acid fell by 2.7% year-on-year, with some plants experiencing even steeper declines. Experts warn that if this trend continues for another one or two months, the market could face severe shortages before the Spring Festival.
Market sentiment remains weak, with low inventories among producers, buyers, and distributors. Despite rising upstream and downstream prices, concentrated nitric acid prices have remained stagnant, creating an unusual situation in the chemical market. From November to December 2007, the mainstream price of concentrated nitric acid hovered between 1,300 and 1,350 yuan, but with rising production and logistics costs, many companies were barely breaking even, and some faced losses.
Given these challenges, the concentrated nitric acid industry is under immense pressure. If prices do not improve soon, downstream industries may face raw material shortages. With limited growth potential and stable market shares, the sector is entering a period of uncertainty.
What is cylinder liner?
October 10, 2025