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China faces a severe water shortage, with a total freshwater resource of 2.8 trillion cubic meters, accounting for only 6% of the global total. While it ranks fourth in the world in terms of total water resources—after Brazil, Russia, and Canada—the per capita availability is just 2,300 cubic meters, about one-quarter of the global average. This places China at 121st globally, among the 13 countries with the most limited water resources. With urbanization accelerating, groundwater pollution has become a growing concern, as cities face increasing contamination from point and surface sources. Water pollution not only reduces the usability of water bodies but also worsens the water scarcity crisis and threatens public health.
Sewage, however, represents a valuable and sustainable water source that can be treated and reused. Advanced treatment processes allow sewage to be repurposed for industrial use, municipal sanitation, and urban landscaping. Traditional sewage treatment methods typically involve sedimentation, sand filtration, and chemical coagulation, which often result in low solid-liquid separation efficiency due to poor particle aggregation.
To address these challenges, new technologies like granular fluidized bed wastewater treatment have emerged. This technology operates by creating a dynamic environment where particles are suspended and mixed efficiently, enhancing flocculation and separation. The process involves rapid mixing, controlled agitation, and efficient solid-liquid separation within a compact system. It offers advantages such as reduced hydraulic retention time, smaller footprint, and high treatment efficiency.
The granular fluidized bed technology is particularly effective for treating high-turbidity water and wastewater with high suspended solids content. It enables automatic sludge concentration and produces dewatered sludge with low moisture content, eliminating the need for additional concentration equipment. Its versatility allows it to be used in various applications, including industrial wastewater treatment, municipal sewage, and disaster relief scenarios.
Research on this technology is ongoing, with many studies focusing on both practical applications and theoretical mechanisms. While some international experts have made significant progress, China's research remains largely experimental. However, successful field applications in locations such as Xi'an, Shenzhen, and other cities have demonstrated its effectiveness and potential for widespread adoption.
In the car wash industry, for example, the granular fluidized bed system provides an efficient, cost-effective solution for wastewater reuse. Compared to traditional methods, it requires less space, lower operational costs, and achieves better water quality. As water scarcity continues to challenge urban and industrial development, technologies like granular fluidized bed offer a promising path toward sustainable water management.
October 06, 2025