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[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] Adhering to the new development concept and promoting the structural reform of the agricultural supply side is the main line of agricultural and rural work in the current and future period. The 2017 Central Rural Work Conference emphasized that “the promotion of structural reforms in the supply side of agriculture... must be carried out to ensure that the grain production capacity is not reduced, the momentum of farmers’ income is not reversed, and the three bottom lines of rural stability are not problematicâ€.
Building three bottom lines to create a new situation in the cause of agriculture, rural areas and farmers
First, ensure that food production capacity does not decrease
General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that there is no one in the hands. Historical experience tells us that once there is a great famine, it is useless to have money. In a big country like ours with a population of more than 1.3 billion, ensuring food security has always been a top priority for the national economy and the people's livelihood.
1. Always attach great importance to food security issues. Solving the problem of eating is always the top priority of governing the country. Since the reform and opening up, China's agricultural and rural development has made great progress. The total grain output ranks first in the world, and its per capita possession exceeds the world average. It has successfully achieved less than 7% of the world's arable land resources and 6% of fresh water resources to feed the world about 20%. The population has created a historical miracle of China and the world. Although the structural reform of the agricultural supply side does not pursue continuous grain production increase, it mainly solves the problems of imbalance between supply and demand structure, unreasonable factor allocation, large pressure on resources and environment, and weak growth of farmers' income. However, the goal is not to reduce the production capacity of grain. It is to build a higher level of higher quality food supply capacity and achieve a more efficient and sustainable food security system.
2. Handle the relationship between good structure and stable production capacity. In 2015, China's total grain output reached a record high of 621 million tons, but at the same time, the inventory has reached a record high, the actual import of grain reached more than 130 million tons, and the production volume, import volume, and inventory volume have increased. The paradox situation. This is mainly because of the large amount of imported soybeans, while domestic corn and other varieties have caused large inventories due to price inversion. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the structure, improve the quality, reduce the cost, and destock from the supply side. In 2016, the national total grain output was 616 million tons, a decrease of 0.05 billion tons from 2015. The grain planting area and grain unit area output were both lower than the historical high value in 2015. There are factors for active adjustment, but we must also deal with the relationship between structural adjustment and stable production capacity, to prevent the sharp decline of cultivated land and the decline of grain output, especially the production of rations, in the name of reform. It is necessary to ensure the basic self-sufficiency of grain and the safety of rations. From the perspective of resource conditions, demand structure and domestic and foreign experience, “basic self-sufficiency of grain†is to maintain the self-sufficiency rate of cereals (mainly rice, wheat and corn) above 95%. “Safety of rations†is self-sufficiency of rice and wheat. The rate is basically 100%. This is a hard indicator for ensuring national food security and is also a hard constraint.
3. Resolutely implement the national food security strategy. General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out that China's food security strategy is to adhere to the principle of relying on me, based on domestic, ensuring production capacity, appropriate import, and scientific and technological support. The structural reform of the agricultural supply side is based on fully considering the agricultural resources and ecological environment carrying capacity, ensuring the national food security and the steady growth of farmers' income, and shifting the agricultural policy objectives from relying on resource consumption and satisfying quantitative growth to quantity. Focus on quality and ecology, and increase the effective supply of green agricultural products by optimizing product structure, business structure and regional structure. This requires strict adherence to the red line of 1.8 billion mu of arable land at the national level, the bottom line of 1.6 billion mu of grain sown area and 1.4 billion mu of grain sown area, and the promotion of the strategy of grazing grain and land for grain technology, and relying on scientific and technological innovation to enhance development. kinetic energy. On the basis of ensuring the priority of food production, we should be good at using the international and domestic markets and resources, properly importing and accelerating the pace of agricultural development. At the same time, we attach great importance to saving food In short, food as a strategic material, the Chinese people's rice bowl must be firmly in their hands at all times.
Second, to ensure that farmers' income growth momentum is not reversed
The Party Central Committee attaches great importance to the issue of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Since 2004, it has issued the central "No. 1 Document" on the work of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" for 14 consecutive years, forming a policy signal for strengthening farmers and benefiting farmers in the new era. The "three rural" field has ushered in new Development opportunities, grain production increased year after year, farmers continue to increase income.
1. The continuous increase of farmers' income is the focus of work in the field of “agriculture, rural areas and farmersâ€. In 2010-2016, the growth of farmers' income was faster than that of urban residents. The trend of farmers' disposable income reached 12,363 yuan in 2016, and the income difference between urban and rural residents was 2.72, which provided strong support for economic and social transformation and upgrading. Develop a foundation. Historical facts tell us when our party has solved the peasant problem well, when the agriculture and rural work are tight, the reform will go smoothly, and the cause will flourish.
2. Make up the inevitable requirements for the short-board of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Building a well-off society in an all-round way, the arduous and arduous task is in the countryside. In 2016, there were 43.35 million rural poor in China. In 2016, although the increase in per capita disposable income of farmers was still higher than that of urban residents, the actual growth rate has slowed significantly compared with previous years, which is low in the past 13 years. This is mainly because China's economic growth rate has shifted from high-speed to medium-high speed. The ability to absorb rural surplus labor employment by industrialized urbanization has been marginally diminished, and it is more difficult to promote farmers' wage growth. In addition, the prices of agricultural products are lower, and the policy of continuously increasing the relative prices of agricultural products will also face transformation and adjustment. Continued to increase the fiscal “three rural†investment space is limited, and the growth rate of operating income and transfer income is slowing down. Therefore, in the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, through multi-level and multi-channel efforts to help farmers increase their income, and strive to complete the shortcomings of building a well-off society.
3. The government and the market work together to increase farmers' income. To promote the increase of farmers' income, it is necessary to play a good role in the "two hands" of the government and the market. It is necessary to dig deeper into the various functions of agriculture, speed up the construction of a modern agricultural management system, improve the entrepreneurial employment environment for farmers, foster and strengthen new rural industries, new forms of business, and new models, and promote the integration and development of the first, second and third industries; carry out poverty alleviation and expand farmers' incomes. Doorway. It is necessary to speed up the reform of agricultural product price formation mechanism and storage system, solve resource mismatches and high inventory problems, and do a good job in digesting policy food stocks. In addition, it is necessary to improve the "separation of the three powers", implement collective ownership, stabilize the contractual rights of farmers, and release the right to operate the land; coordinate the promotion of rural land acquisition, collective management construction land entry, and the reform of the housing estate system; reform the financial support for agriculture Use mechanisms, etc. In short, we must deepen reforms to promote farmers' income.
Third, to ensure that the rural stability is not a problem
Due to the vast rural areas of China, the scattered residence of peasants and the vast differences in the rural conditions, it is necessary to promote the structural reform of the agricultural supply side in a positive and steady manner.
1. Adhere to the pilot first, and adapt to local conditions. At present, how to deepen the reform of rural land contract management system and how to promote the reform of rural collective property rights system in an orderly manner, so as to effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmers, increase the property income of farmers, let the broad masses of farmers share the fruits of reform and development, and achieve the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way as scheduled. It is the key to rural reform. This requires orderly advancement, insisting on piloting first, making it easier, not getting ahead, not doing a one-size-fits-all approach; persisting in problem-oriented, determining the breakthroughs and priorities of reforms, clarifying the path and methods of reform, and focusing on key links and key areas. Break through and achieve the goal of reform.
2. Fully respect the wishes of farmers. Rural reform must adhere to the peasant's dominant position, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the peasants, guarantee the peasants' right to choose, and hand over the choices to the peasants to exert their initiative and creativity. The government can demonstrate and guide, but it does not replace the role of the peasant subject with the subjective will of the government, and does not engage in forced orders, nor winds, or across the board. For democratic decision-making, major issues involving the rights of members must fully promote democracy. Issues such as confirmation of membership and establishment of equity of assets should not be decided by cadres, but should be decided by democratic discussions among rural masses. It is necessary to protect the farmers' right to know, participate, express and supervise. Whether it is the formulation of reform plans or the specific organization and implementation, and the establishment of a management system after the reform, we must earnestly safeguard the supervision and management rights of the collective members of the peasants.
3. Strengthen and innovate rural social management. It is necessary to promote the formation of an equal system of urban and rural basic public services, especially to strengthen the construction of care systems for left-behind children, women and the elderly. According to the law of rural self-development, it pays attention to supplementing the short-board of rural areas, raising the strengths of rural areas, strengthening the guarantee for the operation of village-level organizations, developing and strengthening the village-level collective economy, and enhancing the service function of collective economic organizations. We will earnestly strengthen grassroots party building and political power construction, improve the effective realization of villager autonomy led by village party organizations, and improve the level of rural governance. Cultivate the fine family style, civilized rural style and Xinxiangxian culture that are compatible with the core values ​​of socialism and are compatible with the construction of a new socialist countryside.
The structural reform of the agricultural supply side is related to the adjustment of productivity and the transformation of production relations, and efforts to resolve structural institutional contradictions will inevitably be a long-term process. Relevant departments must always keep a clear head, and maintain food security, increase farmers' income, and rural stability as core interests, draw a red line, highlight the bottom line, face difficulties and challenges, actively prevent reform risks, and take timely countermeasures in order to firmly grasp The initiative to reform and develop stability will continue to create a new situation in the cause of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers".
November 15, 2019