Reserves are calculated at all stages of ore from prospecting, evaluation, exploration to mining. Reserve calculation is a comprehensive summary of the “quality†and “quantity†of ore, and is the basis for production and construction and enterprise investment. Therefore, it must be paid enough attention, the various calculation parameters should be true and reliable, and the calculation data should be accurate to ensure the correctness of the reserve figures. I. Classification and conditions of gold mine reserves China's current gold ore reserves are divided into two categories, namely the use of energy reserves (reserves referred to in the table) and can not take advantage of temporary reserves (off-balance sheet reserves). According to the degree of geological exploration control, it is divided into four levels: A, B, C and D. The reserves discovered during the evaluation stage of the deposit are mainly D-class reserves and may have some C-level reserves. Grade C reserves are the basis for mine construction design. The conditions are as follows: (1) Basically control the shape, occurrence and spatial position of the ore body; 2 Basically control the nature and occurrence of large faults, folds and fracture zones that damage and affect the main ore body, mainly for stone inclusion and damage The lithology, occurrence and distribution of the main igneous rocks of the ore body have been generally understood. 3 The types of ore industry types and their proportions and variations are basically determined. Grade D reserves are reserves controlled with a certain exploration range, or although they are controlled by tighter engineering, they still do not meet the reserves required for Class C and the reserves of the extrapolated portion of reserves above Class D. The conditions are as follows: (1) roughly control the shape, occurrence and distribution range of the ore body, 2 roughly understand the geological structure characteristics of the ore body, and 3 roughly determine the industrial type of the ore. Class D reserves have three uses in gold mines: one is the reserves for further exploration and mine prospects; the other is that in general gold mine urine, some D can be used as the basis for mine construction design, and the third is for small and complex deposits. Can be used as the basis for mine construction design. Second, the compilation of the main comprehensive maps (1) Geological plan of the tunnel (middle section). 1. Main content of the picture (1) Coordinate line, exploration line, various prospecting works and numbers on the plane. (2) Sampling position and number, sample analysis results. (3) various geological boundaries and production, ore body number. (4) Picture name, scale, legend and logo. 2. Basic method of drawing (1) According to the scope of the tunnel, draw a flat and coordinate network and exploration line on the drawing as the base map. (2) Using the control of the coordinate network and the exploration line, according to the measurement results, draw the geometric shape and drilling position of the tunnel on the base map. (3) According to the raw geological catalogue data of the tunnel, the various geological boundaries and sampling locations are scaled to the bottom of the map. For the veins along the veins, when the veins are exposed on the wall, if the tunnel (middle section) plan is projected with the ceiling elevation The plane should be in accordance with the occurrence of the veins, and projected obliquely to the extension line on one side of the top boundary line, and the joints will be drawn to the corresponding position of the middle section. The sampling position of the ore body on the wall is also plotted with the occurrence of the vein. At this time, the sample length is the horizontal thickness of the vein. (4) Connect the geological boundary line and extrapolate the geological boundary line on both sides of the tunnel according to the production pattern, and draw a lithological pattern. According to the sampling and analysis data and the specified industrial indicators, the gold-bearing veins are comprehensively analyzed to reasonably delineate the ore body. (2) Compilation of vertical projection (longitudinal projection) This figure is usually the main map of the calculation of reserves by the geological block method when the ore body is steeper (>45 ° ). It projects the location (point) of the ore body exposed by each prospecting project to a vertical plane, which is used to delineate the ore body range, divide the block segment and the reserve level for reserve calculation. 1. Main content of the picture (1) The elevation line, the exploration line and the ore body out of the exposed line (one end or two Swiss directions). (2) The projection position and number of each prospecting project, see the ore body thickness and the average grade of the project next to the mine project, and the borehole should also indicate the core take-up rate. (3) The projection line of the ore body boundary and the vein rock, fault line and code of the cut ore body. (4) For the calculation of reserves, the scope of each calculation block shall be delineated according to the specified requirements, the ore body and block number shall be indicated, the block area number shall be listed, and the calculation parameters, ore amount and metal amount of each block shall be listed. If there is an old mining area or a goaf, it should be drawn. (5) Picture name, scale, legend and logo. 2. Basic method of drawing (1) The orientation of the projection surface is determined by the vertical exploration line, which is parallel to the average strike line of the ore. (2) Drawing the elevation line and the exploration line as a control network for the projection map. The elevation line should be consistent with the elevation line on the survey line profile. Prospecting line is the vertical line on the graph, a pitch on the graph of the actual pitch line of exploration. (3) The drawing method of the exposed body of the ore body. On the topographic geological map of the deposit, the intersection of the center line of the ore outcrop and the topography contour is projected onto the azimuth line, and is mapped to the projection map according to its elevation and its vertical distance from the adjacent exploration line, and then the points are connected to form a curve. That is, the ore body is exposed. In the evaluation stage of the deposit, if there is no topographic geological map of the large-scale ore deposit, the elevation level of the same ore body on each measured survey line profile can be plotted on the elevation of the corresponding exploration line on the projection map, and then reference The topographical fluctuations of the field ore bodies exposed between the various exploration lines are linked to each point, which is the approximate exposed line of the surface ore body. (4) Projection of the prospecting project 1 plotting of the trench. It can be carried out in the same way as the drawing of the exposed surface of the ore body. The projection method is the same. As long as it is on the exposed surface of the ore body, in the corresponding groove position, according to the width and actual depth of the groove, the concave shape is indicated. Slot number. 2 plotting along the vein tunnel. According to the geological map of the tunnel (middle section), take the projection length of the parallel projection direction, and transfer it to the projection map according to the height of the middle section, and draw two parallel horizontal lines of 2 to 3 mm wide. 3 casting a veined tunnel. According to the intersection of the crossing of the vein tunnel and the center line of the carcass and its adjacent exploration line, the projection is plotted on the projection map according to the elevation of the tunnel. 4 drilling and drawing. According to the profile of the exploration line, the elevation of the mine (the elevation of the intersection of the borehole and the centerline of the ore body) is plotted on the projection map. When the borehole deviates from the exploration line, the position of the intersection point deviating from the exploration line should be determined and then plotted on the map. (3) Compilation of horizontal projection drawings. This figure is usually the main map for calculating the reserves by the geological block method when the ore body is inclined at a slower angle (<45 ° ). The main content of the picture is the same as the vertical projection picture. It is only the control network with the plane coordinate network as the drawing on the drawing, and the projection surface is the horizontal plane. The basic method of drawing is: 1. Draw a plane coordinate network and correctly draw the position of each exploration line as a base map. 2. According to the coordinate method, the re-entry and sample position of each place are determined, and the intersection of the center of the ore body and the topographical surface is determined from the position of the sample trough. Referring to the topographic geological map, the intersection points are connected to the excavation line. 3. According to the pulse project, it is drawn according to its horizontal projection position and horizontal projection length. 4. The position of the borehole seeing ore is transferred to the projection map according to the intersection of the borehole and the ore body projection reference plane (with the center surface of the ore body). If it is a slanted hole, it is required that the intersection deviates from the position of the exploration line. For straight holes, it can be directly plotted according to the surface drilling coordinates. Third, the gold ore body delineation (1) Basis for the ore body delineation The delineation of the ore body is an important part of the reserve calculation process. The ore body calculation calculated by reserves is based on the industrial indicators approved by the above-mentioned level, and combined with the geological conditions of the deposit. The content of the industrial index of the rock gold deposit is: 1. The boundary grade refers to the ore body and surrounding rock. The cut-off grade (with inclusions) is the minimum content standard for the useful components of a single sample of the ore body. For example, when a specific ore body is delineated, it is measured by a single sample on a continuous sampling line. The samples other than the stone sample that cannot be removed should be equal to or greater than the boundary grade. 2. The minimum industrial grade is also known as the lowest recoverable grade or the engineering average grade. It is the lowest average grade of a single project that can be utilized industrially. It is the basis for delineating the reserves and balances in the industrial ore body. In the rock gold deposit, for the ore body with very uneven grade change and extremely uneven, the lowest industrial grade can be used for the block and even the ore body, that is, in the block section or the ore body, allowing the average grade of the individual project to be lower than the minimum industrial grade. , but two consecutive projects are not allowed to be below the minimum industrial grade. 3. The average grade of the deposit refers to the average grade that the deposit should reach. It is used to measure the richness and richness of gold deposits in gold deposits and is a measure of whether mineral deposits are currently worth exploiting. Mines that are generally below this average grade cannot be built. 4. The minimum recoverable thickness refers to the minimum thickness (referred to as the true thickness) of a single-layer ore body that can be exploited under current economic and technical conditions. A thickness less than this thickness shall not be regarded as an ore body. 5. The thickness of the stone removal refers to the rock in the ore body (layer) or the stone that meets the strict cut-off grade, and the minimum thickness that should be removed (refer to the true thickness of the stone). The inclusions equal to or greater than this thickness shall be rejected, and the inclusions less than this thickness shall be incorporated into the ore sample to calculate the reserves. 6. The value of m·g/ton (m·g/t) is often used in vein gold deposits. When the true thickness of a single-layer ore body is less than the recoverable thickness, but the grade is richer, the thickness of the ore body is multiplied by the grade of the ore body, which is called the meter·ton/ton value. If the product of the Fumex gram/ton value is greater than or equal to the minimum industrial grade and the recoverable thickness, it can still be regarded as the ore body and participate in the reserve calculation. 7. Excluding the length and height of the non-mineral section, the index has become an important indicator for the vein gold deposit. It is used to solve the continuity of the ore body, and it is the rule that the length or height of the ore vein should be removed along the strike and in the inclined direction. According to the geological survey and exploration of the previous rock gold deposits and the current production technology and economic conditions of the deposit construction, the general industrial indicators of the current rock gold deposits are provided as follows: the cut-off grade is 1-2g/t; the lowest industrial grade. 3-5g/t; the average grade of the deposit is 5-8g/t; the thickness of the stone is 2-4m; the length of the non-mine section is 10-15m when the upper and lower tunnels are corresponding; 20-30m when the upper and lower tunnels are not corresponding; The height of the rejection is based on half of the middle or one of the middle. (2) Steps and methods for the ore body delineation When delineating the ore body, first determine the base point of the ore body boundary, and then draw the boundary line through the base point. The boundary line of the ore body mainly includes zero boundary line, recoverable boundary line and boundary line of ore type. The connection and delineation of the ore body is often carried out on geological plans, sections and projections calculated using reserves. The first step is to delineate the ore body in a single project and then connect the ore in a plane or section. 1. The demarcation method of the zero boundary line of the ore body is the zero boundary line, which is the tip line of the ore body. It refers to the line connecting the points where the thickness of the ore body is zero or the grade is reduced to the boundary. When delineating the zero boundary line, there are two cases: (1) When one of the two adjacent prospecting works sees the mine and meets the industrial requirements; if the other project does not see the mine, the boundary base point should be between the two projects. In this case, the finite inference method is used to determine the main delineation of the main parties as follows: 1 midpoint connection method: one half of the two engineering distances is the midpoint, and the line connecting these midpoints is the zero boundary line, also called the finite extrapolation of the outer boundary line. This method is often based on a certain density of prospecting works, and is generally not considered for non-mineral projects that are too far away from the mine project. 2 Natural tipping method: When the change law of the ore body is gradually pointed out to the edge, the tipping point of the ore body can be estimated according to the trend of the natural pinch of the ore body in the sectional view and the plan view. Painted on a vertical or horizontal projection, the points connecting the points are the zero-extension boundary lines of the finite extrapolation. (2) When the ore body edge project sees the mine and there is no engineering control outside it, it is inferred from the edge project and is determined by the infinite extrapolation method. In practice, the specific method is to estimate outwards with a simple geometric method. The geometric method is based on the boundary line drawn by the ore body to see the ore project, combined with the morphological change law of the ore body, and appropriately infers a certain distance as the ore body boundary. There are three cases in which the outer boundary is inferred by geometry: 1 According to the exploration project spacing, the general extrapolation distance is equal to half of the exploration engineering spacing. 2 According to the estimation of the mining system, the outer boundary line of the ore body is pushed outwards from the lowermost middle section to the distance between the two intermediate sections. This method is commonly used for veined ore bodies explored by tunnels. 3 Extrapolation based on the size of the exposed part of the ore body, there are three ways: a. The triangle method: the ore body is estimated to be half the length of the ore body, and the outer boundary is a triangle. b. Rectangular: The estimated depth of the ore body is 1/4 of the length of the ore body along the strike, and the outer boundary is assumed to be rectangular. C. Isometric ore bodies such as mine nests, ore tumors. The extrapolated boundary is usually tapered or hemispherical, and its estimated depth is 1/2 of the average diameter. 2. The delineation method for the recoverable boundary of the ore body can be based on the lowest recoverable thickness and the lowest industrial grade or the lowest m. The boundary position of the minable quantity in the balance table determined by the gram/ton value. In the ore deposits of the rock gold deposits, most of the deposits use direct circled exploitable boundaries without circled the zero boundary line. The specific practices for delineating borders are as follows: (1) The ore body can be delimited in a single project exposed along the thickness of the ore body. The sound is first analyzed according to the sample sampled continuously, and the sample is equal to or larger than the cut-off grade. For samples that are less than or equal to the cut-off grade in the ore body, any thickness less than or equal to the maximum thickness of the cut stone (referred to as continuous thickness) should be circled. The ore body, and vice versa, should be circled. There may be several situations at this time: 1 When a series of samples from a single item project are calculated from the boundary grade, the thickness is greater than or equal to the lowest recoverable thickness, and when the average grade is not lower than the lowest industrial grade, it is defined as the ore in the table. At this time, if the average grade is between the lowest industrial grade and the cut-off grade, it should be delineated as off-balance sheet ore. 2 If the thickness of a series of samples from the end of the single project is less than the minimum recoverable thickness, the meter should be calculated. G/ton value, if calculated, is greater than or equal to the minimum industrial requirement. When the value is gram/ton, it can be circled as ore in the table. 3 When the total thickness of a series of samples from a single grade project is quite large, and the average grade does not meet the minimum industrial grade requirements, some of the ore in the table should be circled as much as possible. The portion in which the continuous thickness can be equal to or greater than the recoverable thickness and the lowest industrial grade can be defined as the ore in the table, and the remaining portion is defined as the off-balance ore. (2) Circle the oreable body on the project that is exposed along the ore body (such as along the vein tunnel and along the vein trench). The ore body is relatively complex, and it is necessary to comprehensively consider the changes and lateral characteristics of the ore body, the corresponding degree of the upper and lower parts of the ore body, and rationally use the factors such as the length of the non-mineral section to eliminate the ore body. The general method of specific delineation is: 1 The delineation of the ore body on each row of sampling lines sampled at a certain interval can be carried out according to the above-mentioned ore body thickness circle method. 2 In the sampling line, if the total average grade of the continuous row of sampling lines is lower than the cut-off grade and the rejection length is reached, it is classified as a non-mineral section. If the total average grade is between the lowest industrial grade and the cut-off grade, it should generally be delineated as an off-balance sheet. 3 pairs of consecutive sampling lines that do not reach the rejection length. When the total average grade is lower than the cut-off grade or between the lowest industrial grade and the cut-off grade, the total grade should be calculated together with the sample grades of the adjacent sections on both sides. Average grade. When the industrial requirements are met after calculation, they can be connected to the industrial ore body. At this time, the corresponding situation of the upper and middle sections of the ore body should also be considered. If the corresponding section is a non-mineral section or an off-surface orebody section, the corresponding off-balance sheet ore body section should be circled according to the length of the rejection. (3) The orebody can be encircled on the surface, which can be connected according to the boundary of the actual control of the engineering of the same ore body, or by the limited inference method and the infinite inference method described above. In addition to the above ore body boundary line, the delineation of the ore natural type boundary line should be determined or presumed based on the phase analysis results, combined with topography, structure and other factors. For the reserve level boundary, according to the geological exploration specification of the rock gold deposit, combined with the type of deposit and its specific degree of control, it is delineated on the comprehensive drawing used for the calculation of reserves. Fourth, the determination of reserves calculation parameters (1) Determination of the area of ​​the ore body Usually used on drawings used for reserve calculations (such as ore body horizontal projections or vertical projections). The drawing scale is not small at 1:1000. The constant foot geometry method and the quadrature method method are used to measure the area within the ore body circled on the map of the reserve calculation. In the specific measurement, two methods are commonly used to perform corresponding measurements, and the average value is taken. (2) Determination of the thickness of the ore body 1. In the determination of the thickness of the mine in the trough, the well and the tunnel, there are two cases depending on the angle of intersection between the sampling line and the ore body: (1) When the sampling line is perpendicular to the ore body, the true thickness (M) of the ore body can be converted as follows: M=Lsinβ Where: L - the thickness of the ore body of the sampling line Β-orion angle (2) When the sampling line is oblique to the ore body, it can be converted as follows: M=Lsinβcosγ Where: γ is the angle between the orientation of the ore body and the direction of the sampling line, the other is the same as above. 2. Determination of ore body thickness in borehole (1) When the thickness of the vertical ore body of the borehole is drilled, the true thickness of the ore body can be calculated by the following formula: M=L/N Where: M is the true thickness of the ore body; L a measured core length; N-core take rate; If the core take-up rate is 100%, the true thickness of the ore body is the length of the core, which can be directly measured by the length of the core. (2) When the inclination direction of the borehole is perpendicular to the strike direction (ie, no azimuth deviation), it can be converted as follows: M=L/Ncos(β-a) Where: M is the true thickness of the ore body; The thickness of the ore body silver in the L/N borehole; Β-mine body inclination angle; a zenith angle when the hole is cut through the ore body. (3) When the borehole is cut through the ore body and the direction of the borehole is not perpendicular to the body, the thickness of the ore body is calculated as follows: M=L/N(sinasinβcosγ±cosacosP) Where: M is the true thickness of the ore body; L-core length; N-core take rate; a zenith angle when the borehole is intercepted by the ore body; —-mine body inclination angle; The γ-drilling hole intercepts the angle between the azimuth of the ore body and the inclination of the ore body. In the above formula, when the inclination direction of the hole is opposite to the oblique direction of the ore body, the front and rear two parts are connected by a positive number, otherwise it is a negative number. (3) Determination of the average thickness of the ore body In the calculation of gold reserves, the average thickness of the block and the average thickness of the ore body are generally obtained by the arithmetic average method. (4) Average grade calculation There are two calculation methods for the calculation of the average grade and the average grade of a single project. One is the arithmetic average method, and the other is the thickness weighting method. Thickness weighting method. It is only used when the thickness of the ore body is related to the grade. At present, in the gold mine, the average grade calculation of the entire deposit is calculated by dividing the amount of metal by the amount of ore. The average grade of reserves at all levels in the deposit is also obtained by this method. (5) Determination of ore body weight and humidity The calculation of gold deposits generally uses small body weight. When the ore is extremely loose and has many cracks, the large body weight should be measured to calculate the reserves. Reserves of different ore types are calculated using their respective average weights. The gold ore body reserves are allowed to calculate a total average body weight only when the different types of ore have very similar body weight values. If the ore is loose and porous, the humidity of the ore should be determined and used to correct the weight and calculate the amount of ore. (6) Determination and treatment of extra high grade When the grade of some samples in a gold deposit is many times higher than the average grade, the grade of these samples is called a very high grade. When dealing with specific treatments, special attention should be paid to the difference between the rich section and the extra-high grade. If several consecutive projects have high grades in the same part, the rich section can be circled separately and should not be handled easily. There are many methods for determining the high grade, such as analogy, calculation and statistical methods. The following is an introduction to the commonly used analogy method. The analogy is based on the empirical data of the discovered deposits. It is mainly based on the uniformity of the grade distribution of the deposit to determine the minimum limit of the ultra-high grade: The deposits with uneven grade distribution are 8-10 times; The deposits with very uneven grade distribution are 12-15 times; The deposits with extremely uneven grade distribution are more than 15 times. It is only treated as a very high grade. There are usually the following treatment methods: 1. When calculating the average grade, the extra high grade is discarded. 2. Replace the extra-high grade with the average grade of the entire project or block. 3. Replace the extra-high sample grade with the average grade of two samples adjacent to each other. There are also extra high samples added to average. 4. Replace the extra-high grade with the highest value of the general grade. The above treatment methods are subjective and should be treated according to the actual conditions of the deposit. V. Reserve calculation method At present, there are many methods for calculating reserves. The following focuses on the prospecting, the arithmetic average method and the geological block method commonly used in the evaluation stage. (1) Arithmetic average method The essence of the law is to change the irregular ore body into an ideal plate-like body with the same thickness, and the periphery is the boundary of the ore body. The calculation method is to first determine the area of ​​the ore body based on the plan of the prospecting project (or projection map) (if it is the projected area, it needs to be converted into the true area. See the area conversion of the block section method later). Then, the average thickness, average grade, and average body weight of the ore body were determined by arithmetic mean method. Finally, calculate according to the following formula: Ore body volume: V=SxM Where: V-mine body volume (the same below); S-mine body area; M-mine body average thickness. Ore reserves: Q=VxD Where: Q a ore reserves (the same below; D an ore average weight. Ore body metal reserves: P=QxC Where: P-metal reserves; C-ore average grade. (2) Geological block method The geological block method is actually a kind of arithmetic average method. The difference is that the ore body is divided into several block segments according to different exploration levels, reserves levels, mining order of the deposits, etc., and then the reserves are calculated separately according to the block segments. The whole ore body reserves are the sum of the reserves of each block. The specific calculation method is to first select the ore body horizontal projection map (slowly inclined ore body) or the ore body vertical longitudinal projection map according to the ore body shape, and circle the ore body recoverable boundary line on the map, and divide the block segment according to requirements. Then measure the area S of each block (the projected area of ​​the nugget), and calculate the average grade C, average weight D and average thickness M of each block by arithmetic mean method according to the data obtained from each prospecting project (for the average view) Thickness, ie vertical or horizontal thickness). Because the product of the true area of ​​the ore body and the true thickness is equal to the product of the projected area and the normal thickness of the projection surface. Specifically, calculate the following steps: 1. Block segmentation: V=SxM If the measured area is the vertical projected area of ​​the block segment, the block segment average thickness M is the horizontal thickness of the block segment; if the measured area is the horizontal projected area of ​​the block segment, the block segment average thickness is the vertical thickness of the block. 2. The amount of ore in the block: Q=VXD 3. The amount of metal in the block: P = QxC The total reserves of the ore body are the sum of the reserves of each block. If the average thickness of the ore body used in the calculation is true thickness and the area is the measured projected area, then the true thickness should be converted to the apparent thickness (ie horizontal or vertical thickness). Or convert the area of ​​the cast into the area of ​​the ore body. The area conversion formula is as follows: S=Sˊ/sinSβ Where: S is the true area of ​​the nugget; SˊI nugget projected area; Β-mineral dip. 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October 28, 2021